Laccase immobilization with metal-organic frameworks: Current status, remaining challenges and future perspectives

Laccase, as an important biocatalyst, has aroused wide public interests in the field of environment and catalysis. However, the application of laccase in large-scale is still limited due to its high solubility and poor stability. In order to improve the reusability of laccase, immobilization with functional materials has attracted increasing attention. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) stand out as a promising carrier for its high adsorption capacity and flexible structure. The present paper reviews the current status and remaining challenges in the immobilization of laccase with MOFs. Furthermore, three methods are proposed to further improve the immobilization of laccase with MOFs, including co-immobilization of laccase and mediator, co-immobilization of laccase and other enzymes, and coupling of biocatalysis with photochemical reactions. This work, as the first review article on the immobilization of laccase with MOFs, will provide a navigation map for the subsequent selection and design of MOFs for more targeted immobilization of laccase.