Internationalizing firm innovations: The influence of multimarket overlap in knowledge activities

Building on insights from the multimarket competition and knowledge management literatures, this paper explores how multimarket overlap in knowledge activities influences firm decisions to internationalize their home-country generated innovations. I argue that higher multimarket overlap in knowledge activities with industry rivals pushes firms to internationalize and protect their innovations. At the same time, I argue that this strategic response will be attenuated for higher value firm innovations and in industries with higher global knowledge concentration across countries. Empirical results from a comprehensive panel of US MNCs and their worldwide family patents provide support for these arguments. While a higher overlap in knowledge activities with home and foreign rivals pushes firms to internationalize their innovations, this main strategic response is attenuated for higher value firm innovations and when industry knowledge is concentrated in fewer countries. Taken together, this paper extends the knowledge management literature by exploring how knowledge threats from home and foreign rivals impact the decisions of firms to transfer their innovations to foreign countries, while at the same time expanding the multimarket competition literature by offering new ways of identifying credible knowledge threats by rivals.