Dielectric properties and electrocaloric effect of high-entropy (Na0.2Bi0.2Ba0.2Sr0.2Ca0.2)TiO3 ceramic

Single-phase homogeneous (Na0.2Bi0.2Ba0.2Sr0.2Ca0.2)TiO3 powder with high configurational entropy was synthesized by using a solid-state method. Calculations of thermodynamic parameters and related experiments indicate that both entropy and enthalpy drive the formation of a stable system. To further research the material's performance, we sintered the powder into a ceramic, which exhibited relaxation behavior because of the disorder of the microscopic composition. In addition, an applied electric field of 145 kV/cm produces a discharge energy density of 1.02 J/cm3. Meanwhile, the adiabatic temperature is 0.63 K at 60 kV/cm. These properties suggest that the electrocaloric effect of the (Na0.2Bi0.2Ba0.2Sr0.2Ca0.2)TiO3 ceramic is attractive for applications such as solid-state refrigeration and energy storage. High-entropy perovskite oxides are also highly tolerant to ions, and their properties can be tailored by tuning their composition, making them attractive for a broad range of applications.