PEDOT: PSS‐grafted graphene oxide‐titanium dioxide nanohybrid‐based conducting paper for glucose detection

Abstract In this work, efforts have been made to develop a conducting paper‐ (CP) based biosensor using poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(4‐styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)‐grafted reduced graphene oxide‐titanium dioxide (rGO‐TiO 2 ) nanohybrid. The effect of different dopant (ethylene glycol [EG], glycerine and methanol) on the conductivity of the paper has been investigated, and it was observed that the conductivity of the CP significantly increases from 6.9 × 10 −5 S/cm to 1.1 × 10 −4 S/cm on treatment with EG. While, after the incorporation rGO‐TiO 2 nanohybrid into PEDOT:PSS‐grafted paper, the conductivity increased to 4.9 × 10 −2 S/cm. The fabricated flexible rGO‐TiO 2 @CP was characterized using X‐ray diffraction, Thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and amperometric techniques. The developed rGO‐TiO 2 @CP has been utilized for the immobilization of glucose oxidase for the quantitative estimation of glucose. Electrochemical results reveal that the modified CP shows high sensitivity (94.98 μAmM −1 cm −2 ) with a low limit of detection (0.01 mM) and can be a promising substitute over other expensive conventional electrodes.