PCSK9 Involvement in Aortic Valve Calcification

High levels of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) (>305 ng/ml) have been recently associated, along with insulin resistance and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity, with aortic bioprosthesis calcification and able to predict hemodynamic valve deterioration [(1)][1].