Acknowledgements Introduction: Applied linguistics in the contemporary world James Simpson Section 1. Applied linguistics in action Language policy and planning Lionel Wee Business communication Vijay Bhatia and Aditi Bhatia Translation and interpreting Mona Baker and Luis Perez-Gonzalez Lexicography Thierry Fontenelle The media Anne O'Keeffe Institutional discourse Celia Roberts Medical communication Sarah Collins, Sarah Peters and Ian Watt Clinical linguistics Michael Perkins and Sara Howard Language and ageing Kees de Bot and Nienke van der Hoeven Forensic linguistics Frances Rock Section 2. Language learning, language education Key concepts in language learning and language education Diane Larsen-Freeman Second language acquisition Lourdes Ortega Language teaching methodology Scott Thornbury Technology and language learning Richard Kern Language teacher education Simon Borg Bilingual education Ingrid Gogolin English for academic purposes Nigel Harwood and Bojana Petric Language testing Barry O'Sullivan Classroom discourse Amy Tsui Language socialisation Agnes He Section 3. Language, culture and identity Culture Claire Kramsch Identity Bonny Norton Gender Judith Baxter Ethnicity Roxy Harris Sign languages Bencie Woll and Rachel Sutton-Spence World Englishes Andy Kirkpatrick and David Deterding Linguistic imperialism Suresh Canagarajah and Selim Ben Said Multilingualism Jasone Cenoz and Durk Gorter Language and migration Mike Baynham Section 4. Perspectives on language in use Discourse analysis Guy Cook Critical discourse analysis Kieran O'Halloran Neurolinguistics Elisabeth Ahlsen Psycholinguistics John Field Sociocultural and cultural-historical theories of language development Steven L. Thorne and Thomas Tasker Sociolinguistics Carmen Llamas Linguistic ethnography Janet Maybin and Karin Tusting Literacy Doris S. Warriner Stylistics Elena Semino Section 5. Descriptions of language for applied linguistics Grammar Michael Swan Lexis Joe Barcroft, Norbert Schmitt and Gretchen Sunderman Phonetics and phonology Helen Fraser Corpus linguistics Svenja Adolphs and Phoebe Lin Cognitive linguistics Hans-Jorg Schmid and Friedrich Ungerer Systemic functional linguistics Lynne Young Generative grammar Shigenori Wakabayashi The emergence of language as a complex adaptive system Nick C. Ellis Multimodality Theo van Leeuwen Index