Exogenous phosphorus enhances cadmium tolerance by affecting cell wall polysaccharides in two mangrove seedlings Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh and Kandelia obovata (S., L.) Yong differing in cadmium accumulation

Phosphorous (P) is an essential element that mediates various stresses in plants. In this study, the effects of P on polysaccharides in the root cell walls of two hydroponically cultivated mangrove seedlings (A. marina and K. obovata) that differ in Cd accumulation ability were examined in the context of Cd stress. The results showed that A. marina exhibited a higher degree of tolerance to Cd than K. obovata. In both mangrove seedlings, pectin and hemicellulose 1 increased significantly with increasing P levels, the effects of which were greater in A. marina under Cd stress. In addition, cell wall pectin methylesterase (PME) activity was markedly increased in the presence of Cd and P compared with Cd alone. These effects were more pronounced in A. marina than in K. obovata. Taken together, the results of this study provide further insight into the mechanisms of P-mediated alleviation of Cd stress in mangrove seedlings.