运动症状
帕金森病
物理医学与康复
脑深部刺激
运动障碍
笔迹
心理学
神经科学
静止性震颤
步态
多巴胺能
疾病
医学
多巴胺
计算机科学
病理
人工智能
作者
Ahmed A. Moustafa,Srinivasa Chakravarthy,Joseph R. Phillips,Ankur Gupta,Szabolcs Kéri,Bertalan Polner,Michael J. Frank,Marjan Jahanshahi
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.010
摘要
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by a range of motor symptoms. Besides the cardinal symptoms (akinesia and bradykinesia, tremor and rigidity), PD patients show additional motor deficits, including: gait disturbance, impaired handwriting, grip force and speech deficits, among others. Some of these motor symptoms (e.g., deficits of gait, speech, and handwriting) have similar clinical profiles, neural substrates, and respond similarly to dopaminergic medication and deep brain stimulation (DBS). Here, we provide an extensive review of the clinical characteristics and neural substrates of each of these motor symptoms, to highlight precisely how PD and its medical and surgical treatments impact motor symptoms. In conclusion, we offer a unified framework for understanding the range of motor symptoms in PD. We argue that various motor symptoms in PD reflect dysfunction of neural structures responsible for action selection, motor sequencing, and coordination and execution of movement.
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