Progress of Radiation Damage Effects and Hardening Technology on CCD

The progress of radiation damage effects on CCD in space environment and nuclear radiation are reviewed.The damage mechanisms of CCD irradiated by different particles and the degradation of radiation sensitive parameters,such as dark current,flatband voltage and CTE,are presented.The radiation hardening technologies are introduced from the aspects of manufacture technology,device structures and operation modes.Developing directions and prospects of radiation effects on CCD are analyzed.