Abstract Magnesium aluminium phosphate, MgAlPO5, is monoclinic with space group P21/c, a = 7.111(2) Å, b = 10.362(3) Å, c = 5.455(3) Å, β = 98.38(5)°, Z = 4 and D calc = 2.71 g/cm3. Single crystals were prepared synthetically. The structure was refined to R (unweighted) = 0.067 and P (weighted) = 0.040 using 1132 nonequivalent observed reflections. The structure contains Mg2+ in fivefold coordination by oxygen in the form of a distorted trigonal bipyramid.