Clay nanotube-metal core/shell catalysts for hydroprocesses

, CdS, CdZnS, Cu-Ni) located inside or outside the tubular template. These alumosilicate nanotubes are environment-friendly and are available in thousands of tons. Herein, we summarized the advances of halloysite-based composite materials for hydroprocesses, focusing on the selective binding of metal particles. We analyze the tubes' morphology adjustments and size selection, the physicochemical properties of pristine and modified halloysite (e.g., acid-etched or silanized), the methods of metal clusters formation, and their localization. We indicate prospective routes for the architectural design of stable and efficient nanocatalysts based on this safe and natural clay material.