Comprehensive review on the transport and reaction of oxygen and moisture towards coupled oxidative ageing and moisture damage of bitumen

Oxidative ageing and moisture damage are key factors in bitumen degradation and asphalt pavement deterioration. The effects of oxygen and moisture on bitumen are governed by their transport and reaction processes. This paper provides an overview of theories and concepts developed to describe the kinetics, thermodynamics and mechanisms of transport and reaction of moisture and oxygen within bitumen. The moisture- and oxygen-induced changes of the physicochemical and mechanical properties of bitumen are also discussed. The aim is to summarize literature findings and conclusions and discuss the possibilities of establishing coupled moisture-oxygen models to be used for long-term pavement performance predictions.