Models for Propagation of NORAD Element Sets

Abstract : General perturbations element sets generated by NORAD can be used to predict position and velocity or Earth-orbiting objects. To do this one must be careful to use a prediction method which is compatible with the way in which the elements were generated. Equations for five compatible models are given here along with corresponding FORTRAN IV computer code. With this information a user will be able to make satellite predictions which are completely compatible with NORAD predictions.