[Application of target trail emulation in real world: a case study of effect of statins on mortality in diabetes patients].

Target trail emulation is an observational research method, which can use real-world data (such as observational data and historical data) to carry out research design according to the design principles of randomized controlled trials (RCT) when RCT cannot be carried out. The intervention group and the control group were classified by simulating random grouping. Finally a high-reliable conclusion similar to RCT can be obtained. This paper summarizes the basic concepts and application process of target trail emulation based on the effect of statins on the prognosis of myocardial infarction in diabetic patients to provide reference for the application of this method in real world.模拟目标试验是一种观察性研究方法，该方法在无法进行随机对照试验（RCT）的情况下，可以利用真实世界数据（如观察性数据及历史性数据）按照RCT的设计原则进行研究设计，模拟随机分组形成干预组和对照组，最终得到近似RCT的高可信度结论。本研究以他汀类药物对糖尿病患者心肌梗死预后的影响为例，对模拟目标试验的基本概念和应用流程进行介绍，为其在真实世界中的应用提供参考。.