A framework of biomarkers for skeletal aging: a consensus statement by the Aging Biomarker Consortium

The skeleton is an important structural and metabolic organ in human body, while aging is the physiological basis for degenerative skeletal diseases. China has the largest aging population in the world and faces great challenges in preventing and managing diseases related to skeletal aging. To address these challenges, the Aging China Biomarkers Consortium (ABC) has reached an expert consensus on biomarkers of skeletal aging by synthesizing the literature and insights from scientists and clinicians. The consensus provides a comprehensive assessment of biomarkers associated with skeletal aging and proposes a systematic framework that categorizes biomarkers into three dimensions, namely, functional, structural, and humoral dimensions. Within each dimension, the ABC recommended clinical and evidential research-based biomarkers for physiological aging and degenerative pathologies of the skeleton. This expert consensus aims to lay the foundation for future studies to assess the prediction, diagnosis, early warning, and treatment of diseases associated with skeletal aging, with the ultimate goal of improving the skeletal health of elderly populations in China and around the world.