Multiproxy provenance analyses in the Devonian Villavicencio Formation of the Mendoza Precordillera, Argentina: correlation and geotectonic implications for the SW Gondwana margin

Abstract This work focuses on the sedimentary provenance of the Villavicencio Formation of the Mendoza Precordillera and integrates the information obtained with previous work on other coeval units of the Precordillera Central of San Juan province (Gualilán Group: Talacasto and Punta Negra formations) in western Argentina. Multiproxy provenance analyses are carried out from different applied methodologies (petrography, geochemistry, morphological, and cathodoluminescence studies of detrital zircon grains, and analysis of U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotopes). The Villavicencio Formation is mostly composed of pelites and very fine-grained psammites. The major components are quartz, both monocrystalline and polycrystalline, and metamorphic lithics that associate this unit with a recycled orogen. Regarding geochemistry, the Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) values are similar to the Post-Archean Australian Shales (PAAS), indicating a null to incipient degree of weathering. The ratios between different trace elements and rare earth elements (REEs) suggest the felsic composition of the source area. Th/U ratios differ, but a secondary uranium enrichment is inferred. The morphological analysis of the zircon grains reveals their mainly plutonic origin. The integration of U-Pb data with Lu-Hf data shows a juvenile-mantle origin in which the populations are dominantly Mesoproterozoic and ɛHf of positive values (up to 12), indicating poor differentiation. The Villavicencio Formation would be the product of deltaic deposits in which its components are dominantly from the Western Pampean Sierras associated with the Grenville orogen, assuming exhumation and erosion of the Mesoproterozoic basement. The data support the hypothesis of equivalence and correlation with the Punta Negra Formation in the Devonian depocenters of the south-central region of the San Juan Precordillera.