Unconventional production strategies, action mechanisms, and structure-functional attributes of food-derived peptides

Food-derived peptides (FDPs) are constantly increasing in popularity due to their health-promoting potential. However, using the lens of conventional techniques to study FDPs is cumbersome, costly, and slow, leading to the development of novel unconventional or bioinformatic approaches. These methods aid in the rapid and timely prediction of FDPs formation from the available protein data banks, and the analysis of the structure-activity relationships of the peptides. Based on their high efficiency and unique properties of FDPs, they have a wide range of applications. Therefore, this review discussed the most recent developments in non-conventional production strategies of FDPs, especially by using in silico approaches. This is followed by presenting the multifarious factors that affect action mechanisms and structure-function of FDPs with antimicrobial, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and thermal hysteresis functions. This review's main goal is to provide a much better comprehension of FDPs and prospects that would be acquired to produce next-generation FDPs incorporable into the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals.