Optimizing magnetic sensor placement and probe design for high-speed rail RCF crack detection

This study investigates the impact of the trailing effect on the accuracy of crack detection under high-speed conditions. Finite element simulation analysis was used to explore the effects of the trailing effect on the magnetic field distribution on the rail surface and compare the signal intensity and sensitivity at different detection positions. The optimal detection position with higher signal intensity and sensitivity was identified, and a probe structure suitable for electromagnetic non-destructive testing at high speeds was proposed. Experimental results show that at a detection speed of 20.0 m/s, this probe structure effectively quantifies cracks deeper than 1.0 mm, with relative errors and standard deviations within 10 %.