Identification of Selected Flavonoids Extracted from Cap and Stem of Wild and Cultivated Ganoderma Species (Agaricomycetes) and Bioactivities

The objective of this study was to assess the bioactivities of flavonoids extracted from two distinct sections of the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma species. The flavonoids were extracted from the cap and stem of four Ganoderma species using a methanolic extraction method. The extraction rate, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activities, in vitro hypoglycemic effects, and antimicrobial activity of flavonoids derived from the wild and cultivated Ganoderma extracts were determined and analyzed. The findings indicated that the extract derived from cultivated black Ganoderma stem exhibited the most favorable outcomes among the four sample extracts. The lowest EC50 value of the DPPH radical scavenging assay was 36.9 μg/mL, and the extract demonstrated the highest inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase (35.88 μg/mL). However, the cap extract of the cultivated black Ganoderma demonstrated the highest inhibitory activity of α-amylase, with the IC50 value of 34.69 μg/mL. The cap extracts of the cultivated red Ganoderma exhibited the most pronounced antimicrobial activity. These findings indicate notable differences in the bioactivities of flavonoids extracted from the caps and stems of the four Ganoderma species. Consequently, the Ganoderma flavonoids have the potential to serve as potent bioactive ingredients with disease-prevention properties.