Phosphoglycerol kinase 1 (PGK1) is the first key metabolic enzyme that produces ATP during glycolysis and is involved in the glycolytic pathway of prostate cancer. PGK 1 can not only act as a metabolic enzyme to affect tumor growth, but also affect the gene expression, energy metabolism, molecular regulation and other processes of tumor cells through its non-metabolic enzyme function, and then mediate the growth, migration and invasion of tumors, and aggravate the biological characteristics of malignant cancer cells. In this review, we reviewed the structure and function of PGK1 and its relationship with prostate cancer to clarify the important role of PGK1 in the progression of advanced adenoma and provide a theoretical basis for targeting PGK1 for drug development.