Effect of copper sulfide nanoparticle incorporation on cost-effective carbon-based hole-transport-free perovskite solar cells

This investigation posits the development of an economically feasible graphite-based carbon electrode for use in hole transport-free perovskite solar cells. The weight ratio of graphite was systematically optimized, and the incorporation of copper sulfide nanoparticles was implemented to augment the electrical characteristics of the carbon-based electrode. Copper sulfide nanoparticles were synthesized through a hydrothermal method and subsequently amalgamated with pre-prepared carbon paste to produce CuS-modified carbon electrodes. The synthesized nanoparticles exhibit flower-like morphologies with crystalline nanosheets measuring approximately 30 nanometers. The influence of varying doping ratios of CuS nanoparticles on the electrical properties of carbon-based hole transport-free perovskite solar cells was meticulously examined. The integration of CuS nanoparticles into the carbon electrode facilitates enhanced charge extraction, thereby resulting in increased current density within the perovskite solar cells. The suggested carbon-based hole transport-free perovskite solar cell demonstrates adequate stability over a duration exceeding one year.