Nanozyme-based biosensor for organophosphorus pesticide monitoring: Functional design, biosensing strategy, and detection application

The excessive or illegal use of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) in agriculture has led to potential residue problems, making it essential to develop an effective analytical method. As reliable and rapid analytical methods, biosensors open an avenue for OP detection. However, traditional biosensors mainly depend on bio-recognition elements, consequently limiting their practical application. To address these issues, nanozymes have been widely applied because of their low cost, excellent stability, and favorable catalytic activity. This review summarizes the related research progress of nanozyme-based biosensors for OP detection in the last six years (2018–2023). The structural classification, catalytic activity, and biosensing strategy are discussed. Emphatically, this paper introduces the practical applications of nanozyme-enabled biosensors in the direction of simple operation, low cost, and on-site detection, such as optical and electrochemical biosensors. Finally, the main challenges and future trends are prospected, which could provide theoretical references for nanozyme-based biosensors in OP detection.