Halide perovskite single crystals: Progress, challenges, and future perspectives

Halide perovskite single crystals have attracted extensive attention in recent years owing to their outstanding optoelectronic properties, facile solution processability, and superior intrinsic stability, positioning them as promising candidates for next-generation electronic and photonic devices. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the progress achieved in the field, the challenges that remain, and the potential future directions. We begin by summarizing the fundamental properties and key insights obtained from single-crystal studies, followed by an in-depth analysis of crystal growth and thin-film fabrication strategies, including mechanical slicing, space confinement growth, and vapor-phase epitaxy, with particular emphasis on recent breakthroughs. Subsequently, we examine the device-level performance and integration pathways of single-crystal halide perovskites in photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, and X-ray detection. Finally, we discuss the critical challenges—such as scalable production, long-term stability, and sustainable materials engineering—while outlining future research opportunities, aiming to provide a forward-looking perspective for the practical implementation of halide perovskite single crystals. Halide perovskite single crystals have attracted extensive attention in recent years owing to their outstanding optoelectronic properties, facile solution processability, and superior intrinsic stability, positioning them as promising candidates for next-generation electronic and photonic devices. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the progress achieved in the field, the challenges that remain, and the potential future directions. We begin by summarizing the fundamental properties and key insights obtained from single-crystal studies, followed by an in-depth analysis of crystal growth and thin-film fabrication strategies, including mechanical slicing, space-confinement growth, and vapor-phase epitaxy, with particular emphasis on recent breakthroughs. Subsequently, we examine the device-level performance and integration pathways of single-crystal halide perovskites in photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, and X-ray detection. Finally, we discuss the critical challenges—such as scalable production, long-term stability, and sustainable materials engineering—while outlining future research opportunities, aiming to provide a forward-looking perspective for the practical implementation of halide perovskite single crystals.