Recent Developments in MXene-Based Materials for Biomedical Applications in Regenerative Medicine

MXenes, a class of 2D transition metal nitrides and carbides, have recently drawn interest in tissue engineering applications. Because of their high surface area, low toxicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, these materials are used in applications of regenerative medicine, drug delivery matrix creation, bioimaging, and biosensing. MXenes have strong electrical conductivity, a high negative zeta potential, and are hydrophilic, all of which provide them a significant advantage in biomedical applications, along with the mechanical properties of transition metals. MXenes have only been used in the biomedical field for a few years, but among cancer therapy, biosensors, the development of neural electrodes, and theranostics, they have emerged as one of the most intriguing study areas. Although no major toxicity has been documented in vivo, a recent approach to the surface modification of MXenes promises to overcome their cytotoxic effects in both in vitro and in vivo. The development of MXenes and MXene-based materials still faces several formidable obstacles, notably regarding their synthesis, dispersion, improvement, and enhanced control of surface chemical functionalization. To create MXenes with predictable physicochemical properties, accurate characterization procedures for the analysis of functional groups must also be taken into consideration. This chapter mainly highlights on the synthesis, advantages, modifications, and uses of MXene and MXene-based biomaterials in the field of tissue engineering.