Fluorescence Techniques for Bioprocess Monitoring

Abstract Modern bioprocess control requires instantaneous data acquisition and in‐time evaluation of bioprocess variables. Optical sensor systems are of increasing interest in bioprocess monitoring because they are very sensitive and offer the possibility of on‐line, in situ , and noninvasive process monitoring. In this regard, on‐line fluorescence spectroscopy is a useful tool in the development of methods for bioprocess monitoring because many cellular substances and media components are biogenic fluorophors. This technique and the application of chemometric methods offer a deeper insight into biological processes and thus process monitoring, optimization, and control is accessible. In this review, an overview of the developments and applications of on‐line fluorescence techniques for bioprocess monitoring over the last 25 years is given with emphasis on 2D fluorescence spectroscopy.