纳米晶
材料科学
油胺
卤化物
钙钛矿(结构)
锡
成核
纳米技术
正交晶系
覆盖层
化学工程
分散性
纳米结构
无机化学
物理化学
结晶学
晶体结构
有机化学
化学
高分子化学
工程类
冶金
作者
Kushagra Gahlot,Sytze de Graaf,Herman Duim,Georgian Nedelcu,Razieh Mehrabi Koushki,Majid Ahmadi,Dnyaneshwar S. Gavhane,Alessia Lasorsa,Oreste De Luca,Petra Rudolf,Patrick C.A. van der Wel,Maria Antonietta Loi,Bart J. Kooi,Giuseppe Portale,Joaquín Calbo,Loredana Proteşescu
标识
DOI:10.1002/adma.202201353
摘要
Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals are highly attractive for next-generation optoelectronics because they are easy to synthesize and offer great compositional and morphological tunability. However, the replacement of lead by tin for sustainability reasons is hampered by the unstable nature of Sn2+ oxidation state and by an insufficient understanding of the chemical processes involved in the synthesis. Here, an optimized synthetic route is demonstrated to obtain stable, tunable, and monodisperse CsSnI3 nanocrystals, exhibiting well-defined excitonic peaks. Similar to lead halide perovskites, these nanocrystals are prepared by combining a precursor mixture of SnI2 , oleylamine, and oleic acid, with a Cs-oleate precursor. Among the products, nanocrystals with 10 nm lateral size in the γ-orthorhombic phase prove to be the most stable. To achieve such stability, an excess of precursor SnI2 as well as substoichiometric Sn:ligand ratios are key. Structural, compositional, and optical investigations complemented by first-principle density functional theory calculations confirm that nanocrystal nucleation and growth follow the formation of (R-NH3+ )2 SnI4 nanosheets, with R = C18 H35 . Under specific synthetic conditions, stable mixtures of 3D nanocrystals CsSnI3 and 2D nanosheets (Ruddlesden-Popper (R-NH3+ )2 Csn-1 Snn I3n+1 with n > 1) are obtained. These results set a path to exploiting the high potential of Sn halide perovskite nanocrystals for opto-electronic applications.
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