Prevention of lithium deposition reaction in Li-ion batteries using a non-invasive approach, Part I: Separation of the negative electrode contributions

Many Li-ion cell aging mechanisms take place at the electrodes. Among these mechanisms, there is the deposit of lithium at the graphite electrode in fast charging conditions of LIBs. This mechanism can be avoided by having a control on the potential of the graphite electrode. This is difficult to achieve because this potential is mixed to others contributions in the battery voltage. In the present paper, we propose a method to separate the potential of the graphite electrode to the battery voltage using a model and characterization of the battery that is non-invasive and easy to implement. The method has been applied to a LiFePO 4 /graphite battery. The contributions of the SEI, the charge transfer and diffusion of the graphite electrode have been estimated in the battery voltage. The proposed method can be adapted to other Li-ion batteries or other battery technologies using carbon as negative active-material (e.g. sodium ion batteries). • Non-invasive approach to separate the contributions of the graphite electrode. • Identification of the parameters of an electric model of the graphite electrode. • Estimation of the limit currents to prevent the lithium plating. • Prevention of lithium deposition reaction using 3D mapping of limit currents.