Effectiveness of High-Flow Nasal Cannula For Tracheal Intubation In The Emergency Department

Abstract Background: Tracheal intubation in the emergency department (ED) can cause serious complications. Available evidence on the use of high-flow nasal canula (HFNC) during intubation in the ED is limited. This study evaluates the effect of oxygen therapy by HFNC on oxygen desaturation during tracheal intubation in the ED. Methods: This was a single-center before and after study designed to compare two groups that received oxygen therapy during intubation: one received conventional oxygen; the other received oxygen therapy using HFNC. We included non-trauma patients who required tracheal intubation in the ED. A linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between oxygen therapy using HFNC and the lowest peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) during intubation in the conventional and HFNC groups. Results: The study population included 87 patients (conventional group, n=67; HFNC group, n=20). The median lowest SpO 2 in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that in the conventional group (94% [84–99%] vs. 85% [76–91%], p=0.006). The percentage of cases with oxygen desaturation to <90% during the intubation procedure in the HFNC group was significantly lower in comparison to than in the conventional group (40% vs. 63.8%, p=0.037). The use of HFNC was significantly associated with the lowest SpO 2 and the use of HFNC increased the lowest SpO 2 during intubation procedures by 7.7% (p=0.029). Conclusion: We showed that the use of HFNC during tracheal intubation was associated with a higher lowest SpO 2 during the procedure in comparison to conventional oxygen administration in non-trauma patients in the ED.