Current Advancement in Biosensing techniques for determination of Alanine aminotransferase and Aspartate aminotransferase-a Mini Review

• Alanine aminotransferase and Aspartate aminotransferase are important enzymes found in serum and various body tissues. • Alanine aminotransferase is an enzyme which catalyzes conversion of alanine and α-ketoglutarate to pyruvate and glutamate. • Aspartate aminotransferase determine reversible exchange of amino group between glutamate and aspartate. • Levels of these enzymes can be used as prognostic tool for diagnosis of damages to the liver and other body tissues. • For quantification of these enzymes a novel portable, cheap and fast detecting device could be fabricated. This review article describes the brief information of currently developed electrochemical biosensors for the analysis of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. Levels of these enzymes can be used as prognostic tool for diagnosis of damages to heart, liver and other body tissues. The normal levels of ALT and AST in blood serum are 5–35 U/L and 5–40 U/L respectively. There is increment in the level of ALT and AST in blood serum when there is damaged to the tissues or body organs. ALT biosensor are found to be run within 5−180 s with potential range of <50 mV to + 0.7 V in 7.0–7.5 pH ranges. ALT concentration range 5–140 U/L to 10–1000 U/L with LOD of 1.56 U/L to 25 U/L. AST biosensors are found to be worked in concentration range of 0–134 U/L to 30–240 U/L with limit of detection of 0.5268 U/L–20 U/L. For AST biosensors, potential range are found within − 0.1 V to + 0.4 V at pH range of 7.0–7.5. There is need to develop a portable, cost effective and very sensitive mini device for the measurement of ALT and AST.