Ni(II), Co(II), and Cu(II) complexes incorporating 2-pyrazinecarboxylic acid: Synthesis, characterization, electrochemical evaluation, and catalytic activity for the synthesis of 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-triones

Three complexes containing 2-pyrazinecarboxylate (pzca−), including [Ni(pzca)2(H2O)2], [Co(pzca)2(H2O)2], and [Cu(pzca)2(H2O)2], have been synthesized and characterized using physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. Furthermore, the structure of each complex was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All three complexes have an octahedral geometry, where the metal ion chelated by two carboxylate oxygens, two nitrogen atoms belonging to pyrazinic acid molecules, and two oxygen atoms of two water molecules. The catalytic activities of these complexes were also investigated in the green synthesis of 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-triones by the reaction of hydrazine hydrate with an arylaldehyde, phthalic anhydride, and dimedone in acetic acid.