Preparation of a polymer monolith modified with delaminated layered double hydroxides for the microextraction of β-agonists

In the present study, a novel poly(acrylamide-co-N-isopropylacrylamide-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolithic column modified with saline-modified delaminated layered double hydroxides was developed and exploited as the stationary phase in the polymer monolith microextraction of β-agonists. Transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis with derivative thermogravimetric determination were employed to characterize the monoliths. By coupling with high-performance liquid chromatography determinations, extraction parameters affecting the extraction efficiency, including sample volume, flow rate, sample pH, eluent volume, and eluent flow rate were investigated with an orthogonal experiment design, L16 (45). Results demonstrated that under the optimal experimental conditions, low limits of detection in the range of 0.025–0.280 ng/mL were obtained with relative standard deviations in the range of 4.3–7.6% (intraday) and 6.7–8.8% (interday). When the developed method was applied to the analysis of β-agonists in pork samples, recovery values were obtained in the range of 80.5−108.6%.