Cryoprotectants & cryopreservation of equine semen: a review of industry cryoprotectants and the effects of cryopreservation on equine semen membranes

Equine semen is a one of the most difficult in the industry to cryopreserve efficiently without causing damage to the membrane or apoptosis. This review consists of an in depth analysis of current cryoprotectant classes, membrane damage issues, reactive oxygen species generation, and apoptosis- all of which are exacerbated by cryopreservation.