Seasonal observations have been made on phytoplankton species composition,quantity,distribution and seasonal variation.86 species of phytoplankton have been identified.Results demonstrate: the dominant species are Chlorophyceae and Bacillariophyceae.Water trophic status of the Xuanwu Lake can be properly evaluated by monitoring the phytoplankton,the water quality belongs to eutrophication and has the tendency to heavy eutrophication.