The wear resistance between high vanadium high speed steel and high chrome cast iron roll was studied under the laboratory condition. The result shows that the wear resistance of the high vanadium high speed steel was 4.4 times than that of the high chrome cast iron and the wear mechanisms were worn out and scaled off. The M7C3 carbides in the high chrome cast iron ruptured and form the headstream of the crack;Otherwise the MC carbides in the high vanadium high speed steel worn off from the wear surface. This paper also discussed the wear mechanisms in mechanics.