Research Advances of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Technologies in Chinese Rice Field

To increase nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and to enhance rice field nutrient management has been a focus of rice production.It is very important to consider the current situation of low fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency and serious nitrogen losses in China.Recent advances in technologies in increasing fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency were introduced in this paper,the technologies include improving fertilization methods(determining the proper amount of nitrogen use,deep placement,postponing nitrogen fertilizer application time,balancing fertilization,cooperating organic and inorganic fertilizer,irrigation and fertilization management),developing new types of fertilizers(urease inhibitors,nitrification inhibitors,surface film,slowly release and controlled release fertilizers),computer-based decision support systems and real-time and site-specific nitrogen management to decrease nitrogen losses.Finally,some future emphases were prospected.