Application of PQQ-GDH Based Polymeric Layers in Design of Biosensors for Detection of Heavy Metals

Number of methods has been used to immobilize biological molecules in sensor’s membrane and to preserve high level of their activity. One of the most popular immobilization of enzymes is cross-linking by glutaraldehyde [1]. Such enzyme-based layers are often used in design of biosensors. Manufacturing and application of biosensors cause some problems, the main of which are: optimization of enzyme immobilization process to preserve biomolecular enzyme structures and maximal value of enzyme activity and development of approaches to accomplish a repeated analysis of substances which are reversible or irreversible inhibitors of the above mentioned enzymes. Very often during application of biosensors activity of immobilized enzymes dramatically decreases. One of the factors decreasing its activity is the influence of heavy metals. On the other hand decrease of enzymatic activity can by successfully exploited in biosensors devoted for detection of heavy metals. The content of heavy metals in body fluids, foods, and environmental samples is of wide concern and its determination is of great interest since the pollution of water by heavy metals is dramatically increased during the 20