Nanoliposomes based drug delivery for the treatment of various types of cancers: current trends and future perspectives

Multifunctional lipid-based nanoparticles, like nanoliposomes (NLPs), effectively deliver therapeutic and diagnostic functions, with recent modifications to liposomes reducing toxicity to human cells. These NLPs and micelles enhance therapeutic efficacy through surface modifications, creating pH-sensitive, targeted, long-circulating systems. Process selection depends on the nanoparticle components' physicochemical properties, which influence formulations. This article explores engineered NLPs for the treatment of various diseases like fungal infection, breast cancer, and metabolic disorders, compares their properties, breakthroughs in ligand-targeted, stimuli-responsive, scalable NLP production techniques and applications to conventional liposomes, and discusses the preparation process. It reviews generation differences in liposomal preparations, offering insights into current trends in nanoparticle drug delivery, highlighting their translational applicability beyond oncology. Liposomal formulations have shown promise in targeted delivery, yet only a few have proven successful. Several recent studies demonstrated that functionalized NLPs improved therapeutic efficacy through surface modifications, enabling tissue targeting and controlled drug release in various disorders, including cancer therapy. Other multifunctional lipid-based nanoparticles are developed for medicinal and diagnostic purposes. This review covers the design, manufacturing, and application of engineered nanoliposomes, addressing challenges like poor solubility and off-target effects while exploring future directions for clinical applications. The article presents an overview of the potential impact of engineered NLPs on the advancement of precision medicine in the context of metabolic diseases.