Bioaccessibility and colonic catabolism of carotenoids from mango purée (cv. Osteen): comparison of ileal fluid content and products of in vitro digestion

fecal fermentation, a minor fraction of carotenoids remained intact, suggesting limited colonic availability. Overall, the results highlight the stability of carotenoids as a key factor strongly influencing their bioavailability in humans. The study was registered with the University of Ulster Ethics Committee: REC/19/0097 and ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06182540.