Chemically Induced Proximity in Biological Modulation

Abstract Proximity is a fundamental prerequisite for a diverse range of biological processes. Chemically induced proximity strategies exploit this principle to achieve the controllable modulation of targets of interest through programmable biomolecular interactions. By rewiring biological interactions, induced-proximity technologies can regulate protein stability, activity, localization, transcription, and signaling. Recent advances have greatly expanded the repertoire of recruitable effector proteins, enabling the manipulation of challenging targets previously considered intractable. In this review, we summarize the conceptual evolution and mechanistic diversity of induced-proximity technologies, highlighting platforms for targeted protein degradation, stabilization, post-translational modification editing, protein relocalization, and transcriptional control.