The synergistic effect of H2O and DMF towards stable and 20% efficiency inverted perovskite solar cells

A high quality thick (500 nm) CH₃NH₃PbI₃perovskite absorber with a horizontal grain size up to 3 μm and a lateral size equal to the film thickness was prepared by the synergistic effect of a H₂O additive and DMF vapor treatmentviaa two-step spin coating method.