Research progress of MUC family in esophageal mucosal barrier of gastroesophageal reflux disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a prevalent chronic digestive disorder with a rising incidence rate, profoundly affecting patients' quality of life. The condition is marked by recurrent episodes of acid reflux and heartburn, which can compromise the esophageal mucosal barrier and trigger inflammatory responses in the esophagus. Mucins (MUC), essential components of the mucus gel layer, play a vital role in protecting the esophageal mucosa and may serve as potential biomarkers for GERD diagnosis and treatment. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the MUC family's structure, types, and physiological functions, highlighting their significance in maintaining the esophageal mucosal barrier. By exploring the role of MUC in GERD, this paper aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the disease's pathophysiological mechanisms and inform advancements in its diagnosis and treatment.