Self- control – A critical discussion of a key concept in sport and exercise psychology

Self-control is defined as the ability to suppress immediate behavioural impulses, delay immediate gratification, and manage potential goal conflicts. Consequently, self-control can be seen as an indispensable skill in sport, influencing performance, discipline, and resilience. A substantial body of research has demonstrated the existence of relatively stable individual differences in general self-control ability, while also highlighting instances of its susceptibility to failure under specific conditions. By understanding and developing self-control, athletes can better manage the demands of their sport, maintain consistency under pressure, and achieve long-term success. The purpose of this article is to review the most prominent models of self-control in the field of sport and exercise, and to discuss the potential shortcomings of these models. Furthermore, the differences and similarities between self-control and mental fatigue are outlined and discussed. Finally, future avenues for improving self-control research are outlined and critically reflected upon.