2D Nb2C MXene-enhanced hierarchical hydrogel for efficient solar-driven water evaporation

Nb 2 C MXene hydrogel achieves 93% solar absorption via plasmonic/light-trapping synergy, lowers evaporation enthalpy to 1426 J g −1 , enabling 2.72 kg m −2 h −1 rate under 1 sun for scalable solar desalination.