The dsRNA isolated from Escherichia coli infected with the MS2 bacteriophage induces the production of interferons

Viral infections pose a significant threat to public health, and the production of interferons represents one of the most critical antiviral innate immune responses of the host. Consequently, the screening and identification of compounds or reagents that induce interferon production are of paramount importance. This study commenced with the cultivation of host bacterium 15597, followed by the infection of Escherichia coli with the MS2 bacteriophage. Utilizing the J2 capture technique, a class of dsRNA mixtures (MS2+15597) was isolated from the E. coli infected with the MS2 bacteriophage. Subsequent investigations were conducted on the immunostimulatory activity of the MS2+15597 mixture. The results indicated that the dsRNA mixtures (MS2+15597) extracted from E. coli infected with the MS2 bacteriophage possess the capability to activate innate immunity, thereby inducing the production of interferon-β. These dsRNA mixtures can activate the RIG-I and TLR3 pattern recognition receptors, stimulating the expression of interferon stimulatory factors 3/7, which in turn triggers the NF-κB signaling pathway, culminating in the cellular production of interferon-β to achieve antiviral effects. This study offers novel insights and strategies for the development of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs, potentially providing new modalities for future antiviral therapies.