An Energetic Aqueous Mn Metal Anode

The limitations of voltage and energy density in aqueous batteries have restricted their widespread applications. Manganese metal exhibits a lower redox potential and higher theoretical specific capacity, showing promise for use as a next-generation high-energy aqueous metal anode. However, the plating/stripping reversibility and cycling stability of the aqueous Mn anode lead to significant challenges. This Perspective critically summarizes and revisits the advantages, key issues, current developments, and recommended testing protocols for the aqueous Mn metal anode. Furthermore, we provide prospects for future development of the aqueous Mn metal anode with the hope of contributing to its further advancement.