Beneficial effects of nobiletin on regulation of lipid metabolism

Nobiletin (NOB) is a kind of polymethoxyflavonoids (PMFs) exclusively present in citrus fruits. It exhibits diverse biological activities, with particular emphasis on its regulatory effect on lipid metabolism, which has garnered significant attention from researchers in recent years. The disorder of lipid metabolism serves as the underlying cause for a range of metabolic disorders. Both in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that NOB and its metabolites possess the ability to regulate lipid metabolism in conditions associated with lipid metabolism disorders, including obesity, fatty liver, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, they can mitigate the progression of these diseases. The modulation of inflammatory state, reduction of oxidative stress, regulation of microbiota and lipid metabolism pathway are likely to be crucial mechanisms through which NOB exerts its effects on lipid metabolism. Additionally, NOB is a small molecule known to regulate circadian rhythm, which also serves as an important target for NOB in regulating lipid metabolism. This article presents a comprehensive review of the primary research findings on the impact of NOB and its metabolites on lipid metabolism disorders-related diseases, while also analyzing the mechanism of action underlying NOB's effects. These insights provide a solid theoretical foundation for further research and development into NOB, ultimately maximizing the beneficial impacts of citrus fruits.