Therapeutic Potential of Haematococcus pluvialis in the Field of Drug Delivery

Haematococcus pluvialis is well known for its most potent carotenoid, Astaxanthin, which protects cells from free radicals and oxidative stress due to its antioxidative nature. Due to the change in lifestyles, several chronic illnesses have recently increased uncontrollably. People are thus making an effort to control their lifestyle choices by taking natural supplements for preventative healthcare. Microalgae are useful in the biomedical and pharmaceutical sectors since they may create a wide range of bioactive chemicals. Among the wide advantages and bioactive compounds present in H. pluvialis, the king of antioxidant, astaxanthin, particularly finds application in the areas of nutrition and human health. The biomass of the H. pluvialis is rich in proteins, has low-fat content and is a good source of vital vitamins and minerals like magnesium, calcium, iron, and zinc. This microalga's bioactive chemicals have been proven to offer a wide range of health advantages, such as the treatment of cardiovascular disease, macular degeneration, anti-aging, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor activities, etc. Moreover, astaxanthin being a naturally occurring antioxidant and non-toxic, it encourages cell-to-cell interaction, however, due to its limited bioavailability and susceptibility to environmental conditions it lacks a suitable drug delivery mechanism. As a result, astaxanthin-loaded nano carriers have been extensively studied for use in medical applications. This chapter will discuss more on the current developments and outcomes of produced formulations in the field of H. pluvialis medication delivery.