Breaking Mass Transport Limitations by Iodized Polyacrylonitrile Anodes for Extremely Fast‐Charging Lithium‐Ion Batteries

The fast-charging capability of rechargeable batteries is greatly limited by the sluggish ion transport kinetics in anode materials. Here we develop an iodized polyacrylonitrile (I-PAN) anode that can boost the bulk/interphase lithium (Li)-ion diffusion kinetics and accelerate Li-ion desolvation process to realize high-performance fast-charging Li-ion batteries. The iodine immobilized in I-PAN framework expands ion transport channels, compresses the electric double layer, and changes the inner Helmholtz plane to form LiF/LiI-rich solid electrolyte interphase layer. The dissolved iodine ions in the electrolyte self-induced by the interfacial nucleophilic substitution of PF₆ ^- not only promote the Li-ion desolvation process, but also reuse the plated/dead Li formed on the anode under fast-charging conditions. Consequently, the I-PAN anode exhibits a high capacity of 228.5 mAh g^-1 (39 % of capacity at 0.5 A g^-1 delivered in 18 seconds) and negligible capacity decay for 10000 cycles at 20 A g^-1 . The I-PAN||LiNi_0.8 Co_0.1 Mn_0.1 O₂ full cell shows excellent fast-charging performance with attractive capacities and negligible capacity decay for 1000 cycles at extremely high rates of 5 C and 10 C (1 C=180 mA g^-1 ). We also demonstrate high-performance fast-charging sodium-ion batteries using I-PAN anodes.