化学
环加成
离域电子
顺磁性
反应性(心理学)
富勒烯
金属富勒烯
区域选择性
密度泛函理论
计算化学
分子轨道
星团(航天器)
自旋(空气动力学)
内面体富勒烯
光化学
分子
有机化学
催化作用
替代医学
程序设计语言
病理
航空航天工程
工程类
物理
医学
量子力学
计算机科学
标识
DOI:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02784
摘要
Diels-Alder cycloaddition is one of the most important reactions for fullerenes, providing a powerful means for exohedral cage functionalization. When it comes to endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs), however, it is well accepted that they are much less reactive toward Diels-Alder addition than empty fullerenes because of the charge transfer from the encapsulated metal cluster to the carbon cage. Herein, using density functional theory calculations, we report that the paramagnetic EMF, TiSc2N@C80, exhibits a considerably enhanced reactivity toward the cycloaddition with s-cis-1,3-butadiene (BD), with quite different regioselectivity from that for the empty C80 and Sc3N@C80. Most interestingly, the lowest-barrier pathways follow a [4 + 3]-like stepwise mechanism, in stark contrast with the conventional [4 + 2] concerted mechanism. Such a drastic mechanistic modification can be understood by the fact that the spin on Ti in TiSc2N@C80 transfers to BD upon formation of the intermediate and returns to Ti after forming the cycloadduct. Accordingly, by attaching π-withdrawing substituents to BD, the intermediate can be further stabilized through delocalization of the radical in BD and may thus remarkably improve the addition reactivity. These findings showcased by TiSc2N@C80 might widen our knowledge of how spin could profoundly change the chemical picture of paramagnetic EMFs.
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