PPARγ Functional Deficiency Expedited Fatty Acid Utilization in the Liver: A Foundation of Inflammatory Adipokine-Induced Hypolipemia in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Triglyceride (TG) and its derivatives tend to be decreased in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients' blood when inflammation progresses. Aside from the role as a lipid buffer, white adipose tissue (WAT) contributes to this abnormality via adipokines, which regulate many metabolic signals. This work investigated adipokine-caused hepatic changes and their involvement in RA-related hypolipemia. Given their immune similarities with RA and pathological representativeness, adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rats and antigen-induced arthritis (AA) mice were adopted. Adipokine levels in the liver were quantified, and their hepatic conditions were assessed by oxidative/enzymatic indicators. Besides kit-based metabolite quantification, fatty acid levels in blood were accurately determined by GC-MS. Metabolic differences between healthy and AIA rats were further characterized by UPLC-MS